Spatio-Temporal Comparison of Urban Expansion Between Sambrial and Sialkot Tehsils (1990-2018)

Abstract

Global changes are most commonly influenced by urbanization in the past two centuries. The urban population is increasing rapidly without any planning in Pakistan, as population increases due to a high growth rate i.e. 2.20 %. Urbanization in Pakistan is increasing by 3 % annually. It is a burning issue of Pakistan for future planning and growth. Like all other cities, Sialkot and Sambrial are also expanding with significant changes in terms of land use. It is the13^th largest city of Pakistan, Sialkot and Sambrial both are tehsils of district Sialkot. The current research was carried out to determine urban expansion between Sambrial and Sialkot Tehsils and also compare Land use changes between two Tehsils, as well as to examine the land-use land cover changes in Sambrial and Sialkot from 1990-2018. Supervised (Maximum Likelihood) processing image technique was applied for the years 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2018. The supervised classification was made in ArcMap 10.3.1 to categorize the images in different land use land cover classes. The imageries of the study area were categorized into five classes’ i.e. Build-up area, waterbody, vegetation, barren land, and current fallow land. Accuracy was determined by using a ground control point obtained from Google earth. The results of the study indicate that fast expansion occurs in a built-up area in both Sialkot and Sambrial Tehsils. Built-up area increases from 48.55 Sq.km in 1990 to 121.4 Sq.km in 2018 in Sialkot, while in Sialkot, it increases from 11.81 Sq.km in 1990 to 38.48 Sq.km in 2018. Proper management of urban structure is required for sustainable development for both cities.