Electron Magnetohydrodynamic (EMHD) Nanofluid flow with triple effects of Chemical reaction, Dufour diffusivity and impermeability of the surface along a Slandering Stretching Sheet

Abstract

Electro magneto- hydrodynamics (EMHD) has an immense application in machine building and industries. More so, nanofluids have gained notability from several researchers because of their superior thermo- physical properties. This research is based on Magnetohydrodynamics fluid flow over a stretched sheet whose thickness varies which is non-linear. The electric field is also incorporated. Our base fluid is considered to be water, with nanometer-sized Copper (Cu) particles inside as our nanoparticles. We are mainly concerned about the influence caused by some appropriate variables among which are Chemical reaction, induction heat, Dufour diffusivity, Joule heating, variable fluid viscosity, impermeability of the surface, non-uniform heat flux, as well as Viscous dissipation among other parameters on the model. Surfaces with variable thickness have practical significance in our day-to-day real-life applications also in appliance structures, metallurgical engineering and patterns, paper production, atomic reactors, and many more. The research started by formulating some basic governing equations (PDEs) which govern the flow of the fluid, then later converted into a system of non-dimensional ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by the application of appropriate transformations, these equations were solved numerically by R- K4 and Shooting method. The effects of numerous emergent parameters over the fluid flow are portrayed explicitly on graphs as well as some tabulations for validation and computations. Conclusively, it is observed that momentum and temperature are increasing functions with chemical reaction, impermeability, wall thickness, Eckert number, velocity power index, and Biot number parameters respectively. The reverse is the case for temperature and momentum with chemical reaction, Dufour diffusivity, and velocity power index respectively. Nusselt number is homogeneously an increasing function.