Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile of Staphylococcus Saprophyticus Cause Urinary Tract Infection in Tertiary Care Hospital Peshawar

Abstract

Staphylococcus saprophyticus (S. saprophyticus) is the second most constant acute agent of urinary tract infections (UTIs) mostly in young females. The study aimed to determine the prevalence, antibiotic susceptibility profiles, MDR pattern, and resistance to various classes of antibiotics of S. saprophyticus in patients coming to tertiary care hospitals. A total of 475 clinical isolates were collected and initially confirmed by Gram staining and further confirmation was done through Standard Microbiological Procedures. Generally, S. saprophyticus was identified by novobiocin resistance, absence of hemolysis, and by Remel RapID^TM Staph Plus System. Antibiogram was done using the Kirby Bauer Disk Diffusion method. Results interpretation was done using the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) (2021) guidelines. Overall, out of 475 isolates 375 were coagulase-negative and 100 were coagulase-positive, out of coagulase-negative 164 were confirmed as S. saprophyticus in which females were dominant as compared to males. while the rest were confirmed as other coagulase-negative staphylococci. Urine was the main sample source. The highest resistance to tobramycin (91%), followed by ofloxacin (85%), penicillin G (91%), and erythromycin (67%) was observed respectively. The highest sensitivity was noticed to vancomycin (92%), gentamicin (57%), and oxacillin (44%).  About 96.3% of the isolates were termed as multi-drug resistant (MDR). The highest resistant to various class of antibiotic that showed resistance to erythromycin, gentamycin, levofloxacin, ofloxacin, oxacillin, penicillin, tobramycin, and amoxicillin with a percent prevalence of 15%. There is no association found between the two variables i.e. antibiotic susceptibility pattern of S. saprophyticus and gender. The high prevalence of MDR and resistance to various classes of antibiotics among S. saprophyticus pose a challenge for clinicians and public health experts which needs to be investigated.