Isolation and identification of Soil Fungi from Selected Regions of Peshawar and Charsadda, Pakistan

Abstract

The isolation and identification of fungi from soil play a crucial role in understanding the diverse microbial communities contributing to ecosystem dynamics. Fungi, as essential components of the soil microbiome, significantly influence nutrient cycling, plant health, and overall soil ecology. This study aimed to demonstrate the fungal diversity in a specific soil environment through a systematic isolation and identification process. The soil samples were collected from diverse locations in Peshawar and Charsadda, considering variations in vegetation, climate, and land use. Different dilution and plating techniques were employed to isolate fungi from the soil matrix. These isolated fungal colonies were then subjected to microscopic examination, employing staining methods to discern morphological characteristics such as hyphal structure, spore morphology, and reproductive structures. The morphological traits served as primary indicators for preliminary identification. The results revealed maximum number of species amongst fungal isolates belongs to Aspergillus and Rhizophus genera. Among all the identified species Aspergillus flavus was found in maximum numbers in collection sites, with highest species richness in soil sample of Jindi River (8), followed by Haryana and Warsak region (2 each). Additionally, the study provided insights into the fungi's adaptability to specific soil conditions. The isolation and identification of fungi from soil is pivotal for ecosystem management, agricultural practices, and environmental conservation efforts, underscoring the significance of fungi in maintaining soil health and ecosystem functionality.