An Assessment of the Cost-effectiveness and Environmental Sustainability of Mini Micro Hydro Power Projects in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Abstract

This research paper investigates the socio-economic impact of Mini Micro Hydro Power (MHP) projects in the Upper Kalam area of the Utror Valley, Swat, within the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. It conducts a comprehensive analysis of the economic and environmental aspects of MHP, comparing it with the traditional electricity supplied by WAPDA. The study utilizes field survey data to evaluate factors such as income sources, land ownership, energy consumption patterns, and monthly expenses related to electricity. The findings suggest that MHP installations contribute to reduced greenhouse gas emissions, lower energy expenses, and positive economic outcomes for users. Financial analysis indicates the cost-effectiveness and viability of MHP projects, with sensitivity analysis demonstrating resilience to capital cost fluctuations. Moreover, an environmental assessment highlights the role of MHP in promoting clean energy and reducing CO₂ emissions. The paper concludes with policy recommendations aimed at leveraging MHP projects for sustainable development in the region.