Optimization of Bacillus clausii on Apple waste and its Synergistic Effects against Pathogenic Bacteria

Optimization of Bacillus clausii on Apple waste and its Synergistic Effects

Abstract

The probiotic Bacillus clausii is good for human health. The ability to generate spores is one of its primary characteristics; the ensuing endurance to heat, acid, and salt ensures safe passage through the human gastrointestinal tract without cellular loss. The study is aimed at the optimization of Bacillus clausii on apple waste and its synergistic effects against pathogenic bacteria. Bacillus clausii has been taken from Abasyn University, Peshawar. Further, the subculturing, and biochemical characterization have been done using standard microbiological procedures. The optimization of Bacillus clausii is done using apple waste. Mueller Hinton Agar is used for the antimicrobial susceptibility assay as well as the synergistic effect between Salmonella and E. coli. Bacillus clausii is identified as Gram positive, showed a creamy white appearance, had rod shaped microorganism, and underwent various biochemical tests. It is found that the growth of Bacillus clausii is maximum at 37℃, at pH 9, and a glucose concentration of 3gram with shaking conditions at 150 rpm. Moreover, Bacillus clausii showed resistance to cefotaxime, and cefixime, while highest sensitivity against ciprofloxacin and meropenem. After 24 hours of incubation, no bacterial inhibition is observed against Salmonella. No synergistic effect between E. coli and Bacillus clausii is observed against Salmonella typhi clinical isolates. In conclusion, Bacillus clausii grows at a maximum at a temperature of 37℃, with a PH of 9, the glucose concentration is 3 grams. Moreover, no synergistic effect is observed against Salmonella typhi bacteria.