The Effects of Light and Gibberellic Acid on the Growth of Wheat Plant (Triticum aestivum L.)

Abstract

This study investigates the effects of exogenous gibberellins (GA) and the duration of light on the growth and development of wheat plants. To assess the impact of GA on seed germination and fungal disease, germination experiments are conducted. In the control group; 50% of seeds are sprouted: in which 50% of seeds are healthy and good while 50% of seeds are fungus-infected. The supplementation of 1% GA therapy is resulted in 46% normal growth and 53% fungal disease. While 3% GA remedy decreases fungal infection to 36% while boosting good germination up to 63%. While 5% GA solution produces the most remarkable outcome about 96% of seeds are sprouted normally and only 10% have fungal infection. In this study, several growth parameters are evaluated in response to light duration (full sunlight, 10 hours, 6 hours, 3 hours, and complete darkness) and GA treatment. Exposure to full sun without GA gives the longest root length of 12.15 cm; 3 hours of light produces the longest leaves (5.09 cm). Nevertheless, the most development under 3 hours of light exposure is found when GA is given—that is, longest roots (16.06 cm), intermediate shoot length (5.18 cm), and leaf length (7.24 cm), along with good fresh (0.47 g) and dry (0.18 g) masses. According to a fungal study, Fusarium oxysporum is the most typical pathogen; roots under full sunlight without treatment have infection rates of 100%, whereas those exposed to 6 hours of light have 66.66% infection rates. In contrast, untreated roots expose to full sun and 10 hours of light, Aspergillus niger has the lowest level of infection (33%). These results reveal that both light length and GA have major effects on several aspects of wheat plant growth, including germination rate, root and shoot growth, leaf length, and fresh and dry biomass.