Green Synthesized Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles from Litchi chinensis Leaves: Characterization and Bioactivity

Abstract

The nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit unique properties due to their unique size and morphology. The metal NPs have many applications in catalysis, photonics, biomedicine, optics, drug delivery and antimicrobial activity. Thus, metal NPs are synthesized and stabilized through various methods including chemical, mechanical, physical and photochemical reduction. However, new routes are constantly being investigated and a currently popular green technique for synthesis of metal Nano-particles is an attractive area for the researchers. Revolutionizing nanomedicine, this research pioneers a green synthesis of potent Magnesium Oxide (MgO)-Nanoparticles (NPs) using Litchi chinensis (L. chinensis) extract. The synthesized MgO-NPs were characterized using a variety of techniques, including UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This eco-friendly strategy yields exceptionally stable and uniform NPs, as small as 1.2 nm, which demonstrate formidable antimicrobial power. The NPs effectively inhibit resistant pathogens, producing clear zones of inhibition at low concentrations (100-200 μg/ml), and emerge as a promising, sustainable weapon in the critical fight against drug-resistant superbugs and biofilms.