Numerical Analysis of Brownian Diffusion-Induced Hybrid Nanofluid Flow Along Thermophoresis

Brownian Diffusion-Induced Hybrid Nanofluid Flow Along Thermophoresis

Abstract

In this research work, thermophoresis, Brownian diffusion, thermal radiation, fluid density parameter, magnetic field, and velocity slip effects are examined in relation to the flow and thermal behavior of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) hybrid nanofluids. Three hybrid nanofluids floating in water (base fluid) are examined: aluminum–silver (Al–Ag), aluminum–copper (Al–Cu), and silver–copper (Ag–Cu). The boundary-layer approximation and Marangoni boundary conditions are used to formulate the governing equations. The governing partial differential equations are then transformed into a coupled system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations using appropriate similarity transformations. This system is subsequently numerically solved using the Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg method in conjunction with the shooting technique. The numerical analysis demonstrates that the temperature distribution within the thermal boundary layer is increased by raising the thermal radiation parameter, thermophoretic effect, and modified fluid density parameter. On the other hand, thermophoresis increases the momentum profile, which encourages fluid motion, while Brownian diffusion has no effect on the momentum field. The outcome of the research also reveals that velocity slip parameter decreases the momentum profile the same effect is observed for temperature profile. Increase in magnetic field intensity raises the momentum profile and decline the temperature profile.