Cultural Dynamics of Gender-Based Victimhood in Pakistani Paintings on Honour Killing: Constructive Portrayals or Stereotypical Representations?

Abstract

Abstract

The study highlights the socio-semiotic representation of gender-based victimhood and autonomy by pinpointing visual signs related to power, oppression, suffering, protection, control, marginalization, and subjugation in relation to gender in Pakistani paintings on honour killing. Four paintings have been purposively selected to highlight how, as compared to highly stereotypical representations, these paintings present diverse cultural themes and realities concerning gender roles, victimhood, and autonomy in honour-based contexts. The social semiotic approach of the grammar of visual design as suggested by Kress and van Leeuwen (2006) has been employed. Analysis shows that not only women, but men have also been represented as sufferers. Men are both oppressors and oppressed, while their protective role has also been represented. However, men have not been represented as direct victims of honour killing. Female assertion of individuality and agency has also been represented along with female victimhood.

      Keywords: honour killing, gender, autonomy, victimhood, stereotypes, paintings