Nearchus Epic Voyage: Traversing the Indus River to the Makran Coast

Abstract

This study provides a detailed analysis of the historical significance of Alexander the Great retreat from India to the Makran Coast in 326 B.C. and the role played by Admiral Nearchus, a Greek explorer, in this expedition. It mainly focuses on Nearchus subsequent epic voyage down the Indus River followed by Coast of Makran (in present Balochistan province in Pakistan), and his encounters with various coastal towns, including the Ichthyophagy towns of Bagisara, Kolta, Kalima, Karbis, Mosarna, and Balomos. Further, the ancient history of the region, specifically the Makran Coast and the Ichthyophagy coastal towns are described. It also offers valuable insights into the customs, traditions, and indigenous flora and fauna of the people that Nearchus encountered during his expedition. Based on the information in relation with the area provided by the Greek Chronologists and archaeological evidence discovered at the Prahag area of present-day Pasni and Meri Qalat in Turbat, further supports the claim that the Ichthyophagy resided at the coastal Makran for over 4000 B.C. Furthermore, the paper highlights the challenges that Nearchus and his soldiers faced during their voyage, including storms, hostile natives, and perilous waterways. Nearchus hiring of a local seaman, ‘Hydrakes’, also offers a valuable perspective on the significance of local knowledge and expertise in navigating unfamiliar waters. The paper offers a comprehensive and insightful analysis of the historical significance of Alexander the Great retreat from India and the role played by Nearchus in this expedition, providing a valuable contribution to the field of ancient history, geography, and early discovery of Asia. 

      Keywords: Alexander the Great, Nearchus, Arrian, Coastal Makran, Ichthyophagy, Gedrosia